The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) are Lentiviruses (Retroviridae) which cause the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by inducing the progressive destruction of CD4+ T lymphocytes thus laying the infected host open to opportunistic infections and certain forms of malignancy. Two different serotypes are distinguished, HIV1 and HIV2. Antibodies usually appear within 3 weeks of infection. The p24 antigen is a viral core protein which is an early marker for HIV infection (both HIV1 and HIV2). This antigen is detectable in the blood within about 14 days of initial exposure but disappears by the fourth week.
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