Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative, spiral microaerophilic bacterium which secretes an extremely potent urease and a number of cytotoxins which together can cause chronic gastritis, pyloric ulcers or stomach cancer. A negative serological result reliably rules out the possibility of there being any infection. A high level of antibodies is suggestive of active infection and warrants further investigation. Falling antibody levels (although they fall relatively slowly) can be a useful indicator of the efficacy of treatment.
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